Vessel sealing device with fine dissection function

ABSTRACT

An electrosurgical forceps includes a first elongated shaft member including a first handle member and a first jaw member having a first tissue contacting surface, and a second elongated shaft member including a second handle member and a second jaw member having a second tissue contacting surface. At least one of the first and second handle members is movable relative to the other between an open position, a first approximated position where the first and second tissue contacting surfaces are diametrically opposed to one another, and a second approximated position where the first and second tissue contacting surfaces are laterally offset from one another. A handle connector assembly is selectively engageable with the second handle member and is configured to selectively communicate electrosurgical energy between the first and second tissue contacting surfaces when the first and second handle members are disposed in the first approximated position.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/926,694, filed Jul. 11, 2020, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/567,411, filed Oct. 18, 2017, nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,758,257, which is a U.S. National Stage Applicationunder 35 U.S.C. § 371(a) of PCT/CN2015/077336, filed Apr. 24, 2015, theentire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND 1. Background of Related Art

The present disclosure relates to energy-based surgical instruments and,more particularly, to energy-based surgical forceps configured fortreating and/or cutting tissue.

2. Technical Field

A forceps or hemostat is a plier-like instrument which relies onmechanical action between its jaws to grasp, clamp, and constricttissue. Energy-based forceps utilize both mechanical clamping action andenergy, e.g., electrosurgical energy, ultrasonic energy, light energy,microwave energy, heat, etc., to affect hemostasis by heating tissue tocoagulate and/or cauterize tissue. Certain surgical procedures requiremore than simply cauterizing tissue and rely on the unique combinationof clamping pressure, precise energy control, and gap distance (i.e.,distance between opposing jaws when closed about tissue) to “seal”tissue. Typically, once tissue is sealed, the surgeon has to accuratelysever the tissue along the newly formed tissue seal. Accordingly, manytissue sealing instruments have been designed to incorporate a bladethat is movable with respect to a blade slot disposed in a jaw of thetissue sealing instrument to sever the tissue after forming a tissueseal.

Tissue sealing instruments that include a blade and blade slot, however,are typically single-use devices as the blade and blade slot may bedifficult to clean, and the blade may wear and dull with repeated use.The incorporation of a blade slot into a jaw of a tissue sealinginstrument may reduce the sealing strength of the jaw, and the width ofthe blade slot may increase the width of the jaw which, in turn, mayresult in a reduction in the dissection capabilities of the tissuesealing instrument.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed to reusable energy-based surgicalinstruments having movable, opposed jaw members that are configured forfine dissection, sealing, and/or cutting without the use of a blade andslot jaw configuration.

In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, an electrosurgicalforceps includes a first elongated shaft member including a proximal endportion having a first handle member and a distal end portion includinga first jaw member having a first tissue contacting surface, and asecond elongated shaft member including a proximal end having a secondhandle member and a distal end portion including a second jaw memberhaving a second tissue contacting surface. At least one of the first andsecond handle members is movable relative to the other between an openposition, a first approximated position where the first and secondtissue contacting surfaces are diametrically opposed to one other, and asecond approximated position where the first and second tissuecontacting surfaces are laterally offset from one other. A handleconnector assembly includes a housing selectively engageable with aninner surface of the second handle member. The handle connector assemblyis configured to communicate electrosurgical energy between the firstand second tissue contacting surfaces when the first and second handlemembers are in disposed the first approximated position.

In some embodiments, the first handle member includes a bump stopperdisposed on an inner surface of the first handle member that extendstowards the second handle member. The bump stopper is spaced from thehandle connector assembly when the first and second handle members aredisposed in the open position. The bump stopper is configured to engagea switch disposed on the housing of the handle connector assembly whenthe first and second handle members are moved to the first approximatedposition.

In some embodiments, the first handle member includes a connector pinextending towards the second handle member. The connector pin is spacedfrom the handle connector assembly when the first and second handlemembers are disposed in the open position. The connector pin isconfigured to extend through a proximal portion of an opening defined inthe housing and into contact with a movable first connector memberdisposed within the housing to close an electrical circuit when thefirst and second handle members are moved to the first approximatedposition. In certain embodiments, the connector pin is disposed in anintermediate portion of the opening in the housing, which is distal to,and laterally offset from, the proximal portion of the opening, when thefirst and second handle members are moved to the second approximatedposition.

In some embodiments, the first handle member includes a spring connectorextending towards the second handle member. The spring connector isspaced from the handle connector assembly when the first and secondhandle members are disposed in the open position. The spring connectoris configured to extend through an opening defined in the housing andinto a proximal portion of a channel disposed within the housing whenthe first and second handle members are moved to the first approximatedposition. In certain embodiments, the spring connector is disposedwithin a distal portion of the channel disposed within the housing ofthe handle connector assembly when the first and second handle membersare moved to the second approximated position.

In some embodiments, the first shaft member includes a body portionincluding a pivot pin and the second shaft member includes a split bodyportion including first and second legs defining opposed oblongopenings. The body portion of the first shaft member is disposed withina slot defined between the first and second legs of the split bodyportion and the pivot pin extends into the oblong openings. In certainembodiments, when the first and second handle members are in the firstapproximated position, the pivot pin is disposed in a proximal portionof the oblong openings. In some embodiments, when the first and secondhandle members are in the second approximated position, the pivot pin isdisposed in a distal portion of the oblong openings.

In some embodiments, the first and second tissue contacting surfacesdefine complementary stepped surfaces. In some embodiments, the firstand second tissue contacting surfaces each include a base surfacelaterally disposed relative to a raised surface. The base and raisedsurfaces are connected by an intermediate wall that forms a shear edgeat an intersection with the raised surface. In certain embodiments, whenthe first and second handle members are in the first approximatedposition, the base and raised surfaces of the first tissue contactingsurface are aligned with the raised and base surfaces of the secondtissue contacting surface, respectively, and when the first and secondhandle members are in the second approximated position, the raisedsurfaces of the first and second tissue contacting surfaces are alignedwith each other.

In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, a surgical forcepsincludes an end effector including first and second jaw members. Thefirst jaw member has a first tissue contacting surface and the secondjaw member has a second tissue contacting surface. At least one of thefirst and second tissue contacting surfaces is configured to communicateelectrosurgical energy between the first and second tissue contactingsurfaces of the first and second jaw members. Each of the first andsecond tissue contacting surfaces includes a base surface laterallydisposed relative to a raised surface and connected by an intermediatewall. The raised surface and the intermediate wall define a shear edgeat an intersection thereof. At least one of the first and second jawmembers is movable relative to the other between an open position, afirst approximated sealing position, and a second approximated cuttingposition.

In some embodiments, when the first and second jaw members are disposedin the first approximated sealing position, the base and raised surfacesof the first tissue contacting surface align with the raised and basesurfaces of the second tissue contacting surface, respectively. In someembodiments, when the first and second jaw members are disposed in thesecond approximated cutting position, the raised surfaces of the firstand second tissue contacting surfaces align with each other.

In some embodiments, the base and raised surfaces of the first andsecond tissue contacting surfaces are disposed on curved distal portionsof the first and second jaw members. In certain embodiments, distalmostends of the first and second jaw members include complementary guidesurfaces.

In some embodiments, the first jaw member is disposed on a distal endportion of a first shaft member and the second jaw member is disposed ona distal end portion of a second shaft member. The first shaft memberincludes a body portion extending through a split body portion of thesecond shaft member such that the first shaft member is centrallyaligned with respect to the second shaft member. In some embodiments,the split body portion of the second shaft member defines opposed oblongopenings and the body portion of the first shaft member includes a pivotpin that extends into, and is longitudinally translatable and pivotablewithin, the oblong openings of the second shaft member. In certainembodiments, the split body portion of the second shaft member includesa removable plate.

In some embodiments, the body portion of the first shaft member includesa v-shaped recess and the split body portion of the second shaft memberincludes a protrusion extending into the v-shaped recess of the firstshaft member. When the first and second jaw members are disposed in theopen position, the protrusion is disposed in a lower portion of thev-shaped recess to limit longitudinal movement of the first and secondshaft members relative to each other. When the first and second jawmembers are disposed in an approximated position, the protrusion isdisposed in an upper portion of the v-shaped recess and is free totranslate within the v-shaped recess.

In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, a method oftreating tissue includes: pivoting at least one of first and second jawmembers of an electrosurgical forceps along a first axis to effectmovement of the first and second jaw members from an open position to afirst approximated position, the first and second jaw members includingfirst and second tissue contacting surfaces, respectively, each of thefirst and second tissue contacting surfaces including a base surfacelaterally disposed relative to a raised surface and connected by anintermediate wall, the raised surface and the intermediate wall defininga shear edge at an intersection thereof, wherein the base and raisedsurfaces of the first tissue contacting surface align with the raisedand base surfaces of the second tissue contacting surface, respectively,to grasp tissue therebetween in the first approximated position;applying electrosurgical energy to the tissue grasped between the firstand second tissue contacting surfaces of the first and second jawmembers to seal the tissue grasped therebetween; and pivoting at leastone of the first and second jaw members along a second axis to effectmovement of the first and second jaw members from the first approximatedposition to a second approximated position in which the raised surfacesof the first and second tissue contacting surfaces align to cut thetissue grasped therebetween via the shear edges.

Other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent from thedescription, drawings, and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a surgical system including an open, assembledelectrosurgical forceps having a handle connector assembly connected toa source of electrosurgical energy in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the forceps of FIG. 1 in a disassembled statein accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the forceps of FIG. 1 in a first approximatedposition;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the forceps of FIG. 1 with partsseparated;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the forceps of FIG. 3 taken alongline 5-5 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a bottom, cross-sectional view of a portion of the forceps ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the forceps ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the forceps ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a side, perspective view of a distal portion of the forceps ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a bottom, perspective view of a portion of the forceps ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view, in partial cross-section, of first andsecond jaw members of the forceps of FIG. 3;

FIG. 12 is a side, perspective view, in partial cross-section, of firstand second jaw members of the forceps of FIG. 3 in a second approximatedposition;

FIG. 13 is a side view of a portion of the forceps of FIG. 1, with thehandle connector assembly shown in cross-section;

FIG. 14 is a side, perspective view, in partial cross-section, of theforceps of FIG. 3;

FIG. 15 is a side view of the handle connector assembly of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a rear, cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument ofFIG. 15 take along line 16-16 of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17A is a side view, in partial cross-section, of a portion of theforceps of FIGS. 14 in a transition position between the first andsecond approximated positions;

FIG. 17B is a side, perspective view, in partial cross-section, of theforceps of FIG. 17A in a second approximated position; and

FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of a work station configured for usewith a forceps of the present disclosure.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In this disclosure, the term “proximal” refers to a portion of astructure closer to an operator, while the term “distal” refers to aportion of the same structure further from the operator. As used herein,the term “subject” refers to a human patient or animal. The term“operator” refers to a doctor (e.g., a surgeon), a nurse, and otherclinicians or care providers, and may include support personnel.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, an energy-based surgical system 10 inaccordance with the present disclosure is configured for grasping,electrically treating, and mechanically dissecting tissue or vessels inopen and/or laparoscopic surgical procedures. The energy-based system 10includes a reusable forceps 100 having a handle connector assembly 200that is disposable and removably attachable to the forceps 100 andreleasably connected to a source of electrosurgical energy 300 via cable302. Alternatively, the handle connector assembly 200 may be reusable.

The forceps 100 include first and second elongated shaft members 110 and120. The first elongated shaft member 110 includes proximal and distalend portions 112 and 114, respectively, and the second elongated shaftmember 120 includes proximal and distal end portions 122 and 124,respectively. The proximal end portions 112 and 122 of the first andsecond shaft members 110 and 120 are first and second handle members 130and 140, respectively. The first and second handle members 130 and 140are configured to allow an operator to effect movement of at least oneof the first and second shaft members 110 and 120 relative to the other.The distal end portions 114 and 124 of the first and second shaftmembers 110 and 120 cooperate to define an end effector assembly 115having opposed first and second jaw members 150 and 160.

The first and second handle members 130 and 140 each define a fingerhole 130 a and 140 a, respectively, therethrough for receiving a fingerof an operator. The finger holes 130 a and 140 a facilitate movement ofthe first and handle members 130 and 140 relative to each other. Thefirst and second handle members 130 and 140 are each monolithicallyformed with respective shaft members 110 and 120. Alternatively, thefirst and second handle members 130 and 140 may each be engaged withrespective shaft members 110 and 120 in any suitable configuration,e.g., via mechanical engagement, molding, adhesion, etc.

The first handle member 130 includes a bump stopper 132, a connector pin134, and a spring connector 136, each of which extends from an innersurface 130 b of the first handle member 130 toward the second handlemember 140. The bump stopper 132 includes an undulating shape or convexcontour on the inner surface 130 b of the first handle member 130. Theconnector pin 134 and the spring connector 136 each includes anelongated body 134 a and 136 a, respectively, that extends toward thesecond handle member 140 in a generally vertically aligned manner. Theelongated body 136 a of the spring connector 136 is disposed between afirst end 136 b that is secured to the first handle member 130 and asecond end 136 c defining an opening 136 d for receiving a pin 136 esecurely therethrough.

The second handle member 140 includes an inner surface 140 b including araised rail 142 configured to matingly engage the handle connectorassembly 200 to facilitate longitudinal alignment of the handleconnector assembly 200 with respect to the second handle member 140. Theraised rail 142 includes a recess 142 a defined therein that isconfigured to receive a locking plate of the handle connector assembly200 for securing the handle connector assembly 200 to the second handlemember 140. The inner surface 140 b of the second handle member 140 alsoincludes a pair of raised projections 144 disposed on a distal end 140 cof the second handle member 140 that are configured to be receivedwithin notches of the handle connector assembly 200 and to stop distalmovement of the handle connector assembly 200 with respect to the secondhandle member 140.

With reference now to FIGS. 5-8, in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4, thefirst shaft member 110 intersects the second shaft member 120 atintersection portions 116 and 126 of the first and second shaft members110 and 120, respectively. The intersection portion 116 of the firstshaft member 110 includes a substantially flat body portion 116 aincluding a pivot pin 116 b extending transversely therethrough. Pivotpin 116 b may be integrally formed with the body portion 116 a orsecured in an opening defined in the body portion 116 a. A first face116 c of the body portion 116 a includes a v-shaped recess 116 dconfigured to receive a protrusion 126 g extending from the intersectionportion 126 of the second shaft member 120 to limit movement of thesecond shaft member 120 with respect to the first shaft member 110.

The second shaft member 120 includes a split body 126 a including firstand second legs 126 b and 126 c defining a slot 126 d therebetween thatis configured to receive the body portion 116 a of the first shaftmember 110. Such a configuration maintains central alignment of thefirst shaft member 110 with respect to the second shaft member 120, aswell as minimizing jaw splay while sealing and cutting. The first andsecond legs 126 b and 126 c include diametrically opposed, andlongitudinally aligned, oblong openings 126 e and 126 f, respectively,that are configured to receive the pivot pin 116 b of the first shaftmember 110. The pivot pin 116 b is longitudinally slidable and pivotablewithin the oblong openings 126 e and 126 f. The first leg 126 b includesa protrusion 126 g on an inner surface thereof that engages the v-shapedrecess 116 d of the body portion 116 a of the first shaft member 110.The protrusion 126 g is free to move within an upper portion of thev-shaped recess 116 d when the first and second jaw members 150 and 160are in an approximated position (e.g., FIG. 7), and the pivot pin 116 bis free to longitudinally move within the oblong openings 126 e and 126f. The protrusion 126 g is restricted within a lower portion of thev-shaped recess 116 d when the jaw members 150 and 160 are in an openposition (e.g., FIG. 8), and the pivot pin 116 b is restricted to aproximal portion of the oblong openings 126 e and 126 f. The second leg126 c includes a removable plate 126 h to facilitateassembly/disassembly of the first and second shaft members 110 and 120.Alternatively, plate 126 h may be permanently secured to the second leg126 c or integrally formed with the second leg 126 c.

The first and second shaft members 110 and 120 are coupled to oneanother at the pivot pin 116 b and the oblong openings 126 e and 126 fsuch that movement of the first and second handle members 130 and 140from an open, spaced apart position to one or more closed, approximatedpositions effects corresponding movement of the first and second jawmembers 150 and 160 relative to one another. Accordingly, the first andsecond jaw members 150 and 160 are movable relative to each other inresponse to movement of the first and second handle members 130 and 140.

As shown in FIGS. 9-12, in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4, the first andsecond jaw members 150 and 160 extend distally from the intersectionportions 116 and 126 of the first and second shaft members 110 and 120.Proximal portions 150 a and 160 a of the first and second jaw members150 and 160 extend longitudinally from the intersection portions 116 and126, and distal portions 150 b and 160 b of the first and second jawmembers 150 and 160 curve away from the proximal portions 150 a and 160a.

The first and second jaw members 150 and 160 include first and secondtissue contacting surfaces 152 and 162 that are opposed to one another.The first and second tissue contacting surfaces 152 and 162 of the firstand second jaw members 150 and 160 define complementary stepped surfaceswhich together seals and/or cuts tissue disposed therebetween. The firsttissue contacting surface 152 includes a lower, base surface 152 a andan upper, raised surface 152 b that are laterally disposed relative toeach other. An intermediate wall 152 c extends perpendicular to, andconnects, the base and raised surfaces 152 a and 152 b. A shear edge 152d is formed at the intersection of the raised surface 152 b and theintermediate wall 152 c. In some embodiments, the distal portions 150 band 160 b of the first and second jaw members 150 and 160 include thecomplementary stepped tissue contacting surfaces and the proximalportions 150 a and 160 a of the first and second jaw members 150 and 160include only the base surfaces 152 a and 162 a. It should be understood,however, that the complementary stepped tissue contacting surfaces canextend along any portion of the first and second jaw members 150 and160.

Similarly, as described above with respect to the first tissuecontacting surface 152, the second tissue contacting surface 162includes a lower base surface 162 a laterally disposed relative to anupper, raised surface 162 b, and an intermediate wall 162 c extendingbetween and connecting the base and raised surfaces 162 a and 162 b. Ashear edge 162 d is disposed at the intersection of the raised surface162 b and the intermediate wall 162 c.

Complementary guide surfaces 154 and 164 are defined at a distalmost endof each of the first and second jaw members 150 and 160 to reducefriction between the first and second jaw members 150 and 160 andfacilitate longitudinal sliding of the first and second jaw members 150and 160 with respect to one another. In some embodiments, thecomplementary guide surfaces 154 and 164 extend from the raised surfaces152 b and 162 b of the first and second tissue contacting surfaces 152and 162 and are twisted across the base surfaces 152 a and 162 a at thedistalmost end of the first and second jaw members 150 and 160.

The first and second jaw members 150 and 160 are movable between an openposition, a first approximated sealing position, and a secondapproximated cutting position. In the open position, as shown forexample in FIG. 9, the first and second tissue contacting surfaces 152and 162 are spaced apart from each other. In the first approximatedposition, as shown for example in FIG. 11, the first and second tissuecontacting surfaces 152 and 162 are approximated and diametricallyopposed to one another such that the base surface 152 a of the first jawmember 150 is aligned with the raised surface 162 b of the second jawmember 160 and the raised surface 152 b of the first jaw member 150 isaligned with the base surface 162 a of the second jaw member 160. In thesecond approximated position, as shown for example in FIG. 12, the firstand second tissue contacting surfaces 152 and 162 are laterally offsetfrom one another such that the raised surfaces 152 b and 162 b of thefirst and second jaw members 150 and 160 are aligned with each other.

The forceps 100 is formed of a conductive material, such as a metal, andincludes an electrically insulative coating disposed over the forceps100, except at the tissue contacting surfaces 152 and 162 of the firstand second jaw members 150 and 160, the connector pin 134 of the firsthandle member 130, and at least a portion of the raised rail 142 of thesecond handle member 140. Accordingly, the tissue contacting surfaces152 and 162, the connector pin 134, and a portion of the raised rail 142are not coated with an electrically insulative material.

Referring now to FIG. 13, in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4, the handleconnector assembly 200 includes a housing 202 including a lower surface202 a configured to engage the raised rail 142 of the second handlemember 140. The lower surface 202 a may be contoured for ergonomic fitwith a finger of an operator positioned through the finger hole 140 a ofthe second handle member 140. The housing 202 includes a distal end 202b including notches 204 configured to receive the raised projections 144of the second handle member 140. The housing 202 includes an uppersurface 202 c including a switch or power button 206 disposed in generalalignment with the bump stopper 132 of the first handle member 130. Theupper surface 202 c defines an opening 208 including a proximal portion208 a in general alignment with the connector pin 134 of the firsthandle member 130, an intermediate portion 208 b laterally offset fromthe proximal portion 208 a, and a distal portion 208 c through which thespring connector 136 of the first handle member 130 may travel.

First and second conductive connector members 210 and 212 are disposedwithin the housing 202 and laterally spaced from each other. Cables 214and 216 connect the first and second connector members 210 and 212 tothe power button 206, respectively, and a cable 302 extends from thepower button 206 and out through a proximal end 202 d (FIG. 2) of thehousing 202 for electrically connecting the forceps 100 to anelectrosurgical energy source 300, such as an RF generator. A portion ofthe first connector member 210 is in general alignment with the proximalportion 208 a (FIG. 4) of the opening 208 defined in the upper surface202 c of the housing 202. The second connector member 212 is in contactwith the portion of the raised rail 142 that does not include theelectrically insulative coating. The first connector member 210 ismovable into contact with the second connector member 212 in response tomovement of the connector pin 134 of the first handle member 130 intothe housing 202. A generally u-shaped channel 220 forms a path in andout of the distal portion 208 c (FIG. 4) of the opening 208 throughwhich the pin 136 c of the spring connector 136 travels. A user controlbutton 222 (FIG. 2) is disposed through the housing 202 and ismechanical engagement with a locking plate 224 disposed within thehousing 202 to actuate the locking plate 224 in and out of engagementwith the recess 142 a defined within the raised rail 142 of the secondhandle member 140 to lock and release the handle connector assembly 200to and from the forceps 100.

In an example method of assembling the forceps 100, as shown in FIGS.1-3, the lower surface 202 a of the housing 202 of the handle connectorassembly 200 is aligned with the raised rail 142 of the second handlemember 140 when the forceps 100 are in an open position. The housing 202is slid distally in the direction of arrow “A” (FIG. 2), along theraised rail 142 until the notches 204 (FIG. 4) defined within the distalend 202 b of the housing 202 engage the protrusions 144 formed at thedistal end of the second handle member 140. The user control button 222is then depressed to move the locking plate 224 into engagement with therecess 142 a defined in the raised rail 142 of the second handle member140 to secure the handle connector assembly 200 to the forceps 100.

In an example method of using the assembled forceps 100, the forceps 100is placed at a desired surgical site and the first and second jawmembers 150 and 160 are positioned in an open position around desiredtissue and/or vessel(s). The first and second handle members 130 and 140are approximated by moving at least one of the first and second handlemembers 130 and 140 towards the other such that the first and secondhandle members 130 and 140 pivots with respect to the other about thepivot pin 116 b in the proximal portion of the oblong openings 126 e and126 f. When the first and second handle members 130 and 140 are broughttogether in this first, approximated position, as shown in FIG. 14, thebump stopper 132 depresses the power button 206 while the connector pin134 enters the housing 202 through the proximal portion 208 a (FIG. 4)of the opening 208 defined in the upper surface 202 c of the housing 202and contacts the first connector member 210, which in turn contacts thesecond connector member 212 to close the electrical circuit and energizethe tissue contacting surfaces 152 and 162 of the first and second jawmembers 150 and 160 to seal tissue “T” disposed therebetween. At thesame time, the spring connector 136 enters the distal portion 208 c(FIG. 4) of the opening 208 defined in the upper surface 202 c of thehousing 202 and moves into a proximal portion of the u-shaped channel220. Sealing is effected, for example, by the application of pressure onthe tissue “T” between the first and second jaw members 150 and 160, andthe electrosurgical energy transferred from the electrosurgical energysource. In some embodiments, the minimum seal width is equal to orgreater than 0.46 mm. In some embodiments, the closure pressure betweenthe first and second jaw members 150 and 160 for sealing tissue is inthe range of about 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm². In some embodiments, agap distance between the first and second jaw members 150 and 160 duringsealing is in the range of about 0.001 inches to about 0.006 inches.

When sealing is complete, the first and second handle members 130 and140 may be returned to the open position to release the tissue “T” ormay be moved to a second, approximated position to cut the tissue “T”disposed between the first and second jaw members 150 and 160. As shownin FIGS. 15-17B, to move to the second approximated position, the firsthandle member 130 is moved laterally, in the direction of arrow “B” andpushed down in the direction of arrow “C” such that the connector pin134 enters the intermediate portion 208 b (FIG. 4) of the opening 208defined in the upper surface 202 c of the housing 202. At the same time,the bump stopper 132 releases the power button 206 and the springconnector 136 is initially moved into a distal portion of the u-shapedchannel 220 (FIG. 17A). The first handle member 130 is then pulled up inthe direction of arrow “D” such that the spring connector 136 is movedthrough the distal portion of the u-shaped channel 220 (FIG. 17B). Thismovement of the first handle member 130 causes the pivot pin 116 b (FIG.4) to longitudinally translate within the oblong openings 126 e and 126f of the first and second jaw members 150 and 160 to cut the tissue “T”held therebetween. Cutting is effected, for example, by the applicationof pressure on the tissue “T” between the first and second jaw members150 and 160, and longitudinal movement of the shear edges 152 d and 162d of the first and second tissue contacting surfaces 152 and 162 withrespect to each other.

To disassemble the handle connector housing 200 from the forceps 100,the operator presses the user control button 222 and pulls the handleconnector assembly 200 proximally away from the second handle member140. The forceps 100 may then be sterilized and reused with the same ordifferent handle connector assembly 200. In some embodiments, theforceps 100 may be disassembled such that the first and second shaftmembers 110 and 120 are separated from each other by removing the plate126 h from the second leg 126 c of the second shaft member 120.

The embodiments disclosed herein may also be configured to work withrobotic surgical systems and what is commonly referred to as“Telesurgery.” Such systems employ various robotic elements to assistthe operator and allow remote operation (or partial remote operation) ofsurgical instrumentation. Various robotic arms, gears, cams, pulleys,electric and mechanical motors, etc. may be employed for this purposeand may be designed with a robotic surgical system to assist theoperator during the course of an operation or treatment. Such roboticsystems may include remotely steerable systems, automatically flexiblesurgical systems, remotely flexible surgical systems, remotelyarticulating surgical systems, wireless surgical systems, modular orselectively configurable remotely operated surgical systems, etc.

The robotic surgical systems may be employed with one or more consolesthat are next to the operating theater or located in a remote location.In this instance, one team of surgeons or nurses may prep a subject(e.g., a patient) for surgery and configure the robotic surgical systemwith one or more of the instruments disclosed herein while anothersurgeon (or group of surgeons) remotely control the instruments via therobotic surgical system. As can be appreciated, a highly skilled surgeonmay perform multiple operations in multiple locations without leavinghis/her remote console which can be both economically advantageous and abenefit to the patient or a series of patients.

The robotic arms of the surgical system are typically coupled to a pairof master handles by a controller. The handles can be moved by thesurgeon to produce a corresponding movement of the working ends of anytype of surgical instrument (e.g., end effectors, graspers, knifes,scissors, etc.) which may complement the use of one or more of theembodiments described herein. The movement of the master handles may bescaled so that the working ends have a corresponding movement that isdifferent, smaller or larger, than the movement performed by theoperating hands of the surgeon. The scale factor or gearing ratio may beadjustable so that the operator can control the resolution of theworking ends of the surgical instrument(s).

The master handles may include various sensors to provide feedback tothe surgeon relating to various tissue parameters or conditions, e.g.,tissue resistance due to manipulation, cutting or otherwise treating,pressure by the instrument onto the tissue, tissue temperature, tissueimpedance, etc. As can be appreciated, such sensors provide the surgeonwith enhanced tactile feedback simulating actual operating conditions.The master handles may also include a variety of different actuators fordelicate tissue manipulation or treatment further enhancing thesurgeon's ability to mimic actual operating conditions.

Referring now to FIG. 18, a medical work station is shown generally aswork station 1000 and generally may include a plurality of robot arms1002 and 1003; a control device 1004; and an operating console 1005coupled with control device 1004. Operating console 1005 may include adisplay device 1006, which may be set up in particular to displaythree-dimensional images; and manual input devices 1007 and 1008, bymeans of which an operator (not shown), for example a surgeon, may beable to telemanipulate robot arms 1002 and 1003 in a first operatingmode.

Each of the robot arms 1002 and 1003 may include a plurality of members,which are connected through joints, and an attaching device 1009 and1011, to which may be attached, for example, a surgical tool “ST”supporting an end effector 1100, in accordance with any one of severalembodiments disclosed herein, as will be described in greater detailbelow.

Robot arms 1002 and 1003 may be driven by electric drives (not shown)that are connected to control device 1004. Control device 1004 (e.g., acomputer) may be set up to activate the drives, in particular by meansof a computer program, in such a way that robot arms 1002 and 1003,their attaching devices 1009 and 1011 and thus the surgical tool(including end effector 1100) execute a desired movement according to amovement defined by means of manual input devices 1007 and 1008. Controldevice 1004 may also be set up in such a way that it regulates themovement of robot arms 1002 and 1003, and/or of the drives.

Medical work station 1000 may be configured for use on a patient 1013lying on a patient table 1012 to be treated in a minimally invasivemanner by means of end effector 1100. Medical work station 1000 may alsoinclude more than two robot arms 1002 and 1003, the additional robotarms likewise being connected to control device 1004 and beingtelemanipulatable by means of operating console 1005. A medicalinstrument or surgical tool (including an end effector 1100) may also beattached to the additional robot arm. Medical work station 1000 mayinclude a database 1014, in particular coupled to control device 1004,in which are stored, for example, pre-operative data from patient/livingbeing 1013 and/or anatomical atlases.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in thedrawings and described herein, it is not intended that the disclosure belimited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad inscope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise.Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting,but merely as examples of particular embodiments. Those skilled in theart will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of theclaims appended hereto.

1. (canceled)
 2. A surgical system comprising: an end effector includinga first jaw member having a first tissue contacting surface and a secondjaw member having a second tissue contacting surface, at least one ofthe first or second tissue contacting surfaces configured to communicateelectrosurgical energy between the first and second tissue contactingsurfaces, each of the first and second tissue contacting surfacesincluding a base surface laterally disposed relative to a raisedsurface, the base surface and the raised surface connected by anintermediate wall, the raised surface and the intermediate wall defininga shear edge at an intersection therebetween, the first and second jawmembers movable between an open position, a first approximated positionwhere the first and second tissue contacting surfaces are diametricallyopposed to one another, and a second approximated position where thefirst and second tissue contacting surfaces are laterally offset fromone another.
 3. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein the intermediatewall is perpendicular to the base and raised surfaces.
 4. The surgicalsystem of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second jaw membersincludes a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portionincluding the base and raised surfaces.
 5. The surgical system of claim4, wherein the proximal portion of each of the first and second jawmembers only includes the base surface.
 6. The surgical system of claim4, wherein the proximal portion of each of the first and second jawmembers extends linearly along an axis and the distal portion of each ofthe first and second jaw members curves away from the proximal portion.7. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein the first and second tissuecontacting surfaces include guide surfaces at distalmost ends of thefirst and second jaw members.
 8. The surgical system of claim 7, whereineach of the guide surfaces extends from the raised surface and twistsacross the base surface.
 9. The surgical system of claim 2, wherein, inthe second approximated position, the first and second tissue contactingsurfaces are longitudinally offset from one another.
 10. The surgicalsystem of claim 2, further including a robot arm, and the end effectoris adapted to couple to the robot arm.
 11. The surgical system of claim10, further including a control device and an operating console, therobot arm connected to the control device and telemanipulatable by theoperating console.
 12. The surgical system of claim 11, wherein theoperating console includes at least one manual input device, and the endeffector is movable between the open position, the first approximatedposition, and the second approximated position through movement definedby the at least one manual input device.
 13. A surgical systemcomprising: an end effector including a first jaw member having a firsttissue contacting surface and a second jaw member having a second tissuecontacting surface, the first and second tissue contacting surfacesdefining complementary stepped surfaces, the first and second jawmembers movable between an open position, a first approximated positionwhere the first and second tissue contacting surfaces are diametricallyopposed to one another, and a second approximated position where thefirst and second tissue contacting surfaces are laterally andlongitudinally offset from one another.
 14. The surgical system of claim13, wherein each of the first and second tissue contacting surfacesincludes a base surface laterally disposed relative to a raised surface,the base surface and the raised surface connected by an intermediatewall, the raised surface and the intermediate wall defining a shear edgeat an intersection therebetween and wherein, when the first and secondjaw members are in the first approximated position, the base and raisedsurfaces of the first tissue contacting surface are opposed to theraised and base surfaces of the second tissue contacting surface,respectively, and when the first and second jaw members are disposed inthe second approximated position, the raised surfaces of the first andsecond tissue contacting surfaces are opposed to one another.
 15. Thesurgical system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first or secondtissue contacting surfaces is configured to communicate electrosurgicalenergy between the first and second tissue contacting surfaces.
 16. Thesurgical system of claim 14, wherein each of the first and second jawmembers includes a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distalportion including the base and raised surfaces.
 17. The surgical systemof claim 16, wherein the proximal portion of each of the first andsecond jaw members only includes the base surface.
 18. The surgicalsystem of claim 16, wherein the proximal portion of each of the firstand second jaw members extends linearly along an axis and the distalportion of each of the first and second jaw members curves away from theproximal portion.
 19. The surgical system of claim 13, wherein the firstand second tissue contacting surfaces define complementary guidesurfaces at distalmost ends of the first and second jaw members.
 20. Thesurgical system of claim 19, wherein each of the guide surfaces extendsfrom the raised surface and twists across the base surface.
 21. Thesurgical system of claim 13, further including a robot arm, and the endeffector is attached to the robot arm.